3. تشققات أو تآكل يجب فحص الحزام بحثًا عن أي تشققات أو علامات تآكل ظاهرة.
- Ultimately, more research is needed to fully understand the potential risks of TiO2 in water supplies and to develop effective strategies for mitigating those risks. By staying informed and making informed choices, we can help ensure that TiO2 does not pose a threat to human health or the environment.
- Barium zinc sulfate, a complex inorganic salt with the chemical formula BaZn(SO4)2, has emerged as a critical component in various industrial sectors. Its unique physical and chemical properties make it an indispensable ingredient for manufacturing processes that demand high performance and reliability.
Some food products will include titanium dioxide on their nutrition label. But again, it can be hard to tell for those who don't list the ingredient.
Packing:
We even use titanium dioxide when brushing our teeth as it’s found in many toothpastes.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly applied to enhance the white colour and brightness of food products. TiO2 is also used as white pigment in other products such as toothpaste. A small fraction of the pigment is known to be present as nanoparticles (NPs). Recent studies with TiO2 NPs indicate that these particles can have toxic effects. In this paper, we aimed to estimate the oral intake of TiO2 and its NPs from food, food supplements and toothpaste in the Dutch population aged 2 to over 70 years by combining data on food consumption and supplement intake with concentrations of Ti and TiO2 NPs in food products and supplements. For children aged 2-6 years, additional intake via ingestion of toothpaste was estimated. The mean long-term intake to TiO2 ranges from 0.06 mg/kg bw/day in elderly (70+), 0.17 mg/kg bw/day for 7-69-year-old people, to 0.67 mg/kg bw/day in children (2-6 year old). The estimated mean intake of TiO2 NPs ranges from 0.19 μg/kg bw/day in elderly, 0.55 μg/kg bw/day for 7-69-year-old people, to 2.16 μg/kg bw/day in young children. Ninety-fifth percentile (P95) values are 0.74, 1.61 and 4.16 μg/kg bw/day, respectively. The products contributing most to the TiO2 intake are toothpaste (in young children only), candy, coffee creamer, fine bakery wares and sauces. In a separate publication, the results are used to evaluate whether the presence of TiO2 NPs in these products can pose a human health risk.
(1) Konaka et al. 1999. (2) Serpone et al. 2006. (3) Brezova et al. 2004. (4) Dunford et al. 1997. (5) Warner et al. 1997. (6) Salinaro et al. 1997. (7) Maness et al. 1999.


You can find more information about EFSA’s work in the area of food additives on our website
Alterations in gut microbiota
Hemolysis was studied on suspensions of P25TiO2NPs (0.2 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL), vitaminB2@P25TiO2NPs (0.2 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL) and vitamin B2 (0.2 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL) were prepared and mixed with 500 μL of anticoagulated blood (donated by Laboratorio de Hemoderivados, UNC) in a rate of 1/10. A solution of NaCl 10% was used as the positive control and PBS as the negative control. Then, the samples were irradiated using the LED described above for 3 and 6 h to simulate the light penetration into the skin. Also, a set of samples was kept in the dark as control. Finally, the samples were centrifuged and the absorbance at 540 nm was measured in the supernatants. The experiment was reproduced twice; the standard deviation was calculated and p-value < 0.05 were considered significant.
One of the primary uses of titanium dioxide is in the production of pigments for paints, coatings, and plastics. Titanium dioxide is known for its excellent opacity, brightness, and whiteness, making it an ideal choice for creating vibrant and long-lasting colors. Manufacturers of titanium dioxide carefully control the particle size and crystal structure of the pigment to ensure consistent quality and performance.
Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity
Is titanium dioxide illegal in other countries?
A 2022 review on past studies of titanium dioxide and rat lung cancer, for instance, said the original study was under extreme conditions and its effects were not replicated in other animal species. Additionally, the review concluded that the few studies which did directly focus on titanium dioxide's impact on humans did not end up showing any increased cancer risk.
Lithopone, a white pigment composed of a mixture of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide, is commonly used in the leather industry as a coloring agent
. Leather suppliers around the world rely on lithopone to achieve the desired color and finish on their products.
SURFACES, CHEMISTRY & APPLICATIONS
However, most dermatologists will warn their patients not to rely on mineral makeup alone in order to be protected by the sun’s rays. This is because there can be quite a bit of variation with mineral foundation – not only with how much we apply but how much titanium dioxide the foundation contains.

titanium dioxide used in paper.
Abstract
Lithopone B301, Lithopone B311 powder’s 2 main components:
North America